Odisha, Odisha — Political parties and social organisations have accused the state government of facilitating the transfer of tribal lands to corporate entities for mining and infrastructure projects, citing violations of constitutional safeguards.

Background Odisha, home to significant mineral reserves and tribal populations, has long grappled with land disputes. Tribal communities, protected under the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA), have faced encroachment from industrial ventures. Recent allegations focus on collusion between authorities and corporations to bypass legal frameworks, sparking protests.

Community Impact Protests erupted in Umrangso, with thousands gathering to oppose land allotments. Memorandums submitted to the state governor highlight alleged overlaps between allocated lands and protected forests, such as the Krungming Reserve Forest. Affected villages report displacement risks, with major cement firms—including Ambuja Cements (now under Adani Group), Dalmia Bharat, and Star Cement—named as beneficiaries. Officials have yet to issue a formal response.

Local Significance Tribal areas in Odisha hold critical mineral wealth, making them prime targets for industrialisation. However, activists warn that unchecked land transfers could erode cultural heritage and biodiversity. The state’s tribal communities, constituting nearly 23% of the population, have historically resisted such projects.